Understanding Political Economy: The Global Challenges, From Media – To Immigration

Abstract

This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of political economy as a multidisciplinary field that investigates the reciprocal relationship between economic systems and political structures. Drawing from economics, political science, sociology, and history, it highlights how political institutions and decisions shape economic outcomes—and vice versa—across national and global contexts. The study distinguishes political economy from conventional economics by emphasizing issues of power, equity, and governance, rather than market efficiency alone. Through critical analysis of media influence, social media dynamics, and immigration policy, the paper demonstrates how political economy provides essential insights into contemporary global challenges. By revisiting classical foundations and integrating modern case studies, it argues for the continued relevance of political economy in understanding systemic patterns and shaping informed policy responses in an increasingly interconnected world